Mining machinery is directly used for mineral mining and enrichment operations. Including mining machinery and beneficiation machinery. The working principle and structure of prospecting machinery are mostly the same or similar to those used in mining similar minerals. Broadly speaking, prospecting machinery also belongs to mining machinery. In addition, a large number of cranes, conveyors, ventilators and drainage machinery are also used in mining operations.

Classification of mining machinery

1. Crushing equipment
Crushing equipment is mechanical equipment used for crushing minerals.

Crushing operations are often divided into coarse crushing, medium crushing and fine crushing according to the size of feeding and discharging granularity. Commonly used gravel equipment includes jaw crusher, impact crusher, impact crusher, compound crusher, single-stage hammer crusher, vertical crusher, gyratory crusher, cone crusher, roller crusher Machine, double roller crusher, two-in-one crusher, one-time forming crusher, etc.

It is divided into six categories according to the crushing method and the structural characteristics of the machine (action principle).
(1) Jaw crusher (Laohukou). The crushing action is to periodically press the movable jaw plate against the fixed jaw plate to crush the ore blocks sandwiched in it.
(2) Cone crusher. The ore block is located between the inner and outer cones, the outer cone is fixed, and the inner cone swings eccentrically to crush or break the ore block sandwiched in it.
(3) Roller crusher. The nugget is mainly subjected to continuous crushing in the gap between two oppositely rotating round rollers, but it also has a grinding and peeling effect, and the toothed roller surface also has a chopping effect.
(4) Impact crusher. The ore nuggets are crushed by the impact of the rapidly rotating moving parts. Belonging to this category can be divided into: hammer crusher; cage crusher; impact crusher.
(5) Grinding machine. The ore is crushed by the impact and grinding action of the grinding medium (steel ball, steel rod, gravel or ore block) in the rotating cylinder.
(6) Other types of crushing and grinding machines.

2. Mining machinery
Mining machinery is the mechanical equipment used for direct mining of useful minerals and mining work, including: mining machinery for mining metal ores and non-metallic ores; coal mining machinery for mining coal; oil drilling machinery for mining petroleum. The first pneumatic disc shearer was designed by British engineer Walker and was successfully manufactured in about 1868. In the 1880s, hundreds of oil wells in the United States were successfully drilled with steam-powered percussion drills. In 1907, a roller rig was used to drill oil and natural gas wells. Since 1937, it has been used for open pit drilling. .

3. Mining machinery
Mining machinery The mining machinery used in underground and open-pit mines includes: drilling machinery for drilling blastholes; excavating machinery and loading and unloading machinery for digging and loading ore; tunneling machinery for drilling patios, shafts and leveling.

4. Drilling machinery
Drilling machinery is divided into two types : rock drilling rigs and drilling rigs . Drilling rigs are divided into surface drilling rigs and downhole drilling rigs.
① Rock drill: used to drill blast holes with a diameter of 20-100 mm and a depth of less than 20 meters in rocks above medium-hardness. According to their power, they can be divided into air, internal combustion, hydraulic and electric rock drills. Among them, air drills are the most widely used.
② Surface drilling rig: According to the different working mechanism of crushing ore rock, it is divided into steel rope percussion drilling rig, down-the-hole drilling rig, roller drilling rig and rotary drilling rig. Wire rope percussion drilling rigs have been gradually replaced by other drilling rigs due to their low efficiency.
③Downhole drilling rig: When drilling downhole blastholes with a diameter of less than 150 mm, in addition to rock drills, small diameter down-the-hole drills of 80 to 150 mm can also be used.

5. Tunneling machinery
Using the axial pressure and rotational force of the cutter to roll on the rock surface, it can directly crush the ore rock formation or well formation mechanical equipment. The knives used include disk hobs, wedge hobs, button hobs and milling tools. According to the difference of tunneling, it is divided into raise boring rig, shaft boring rig and flat road boring machine.
① Raise hole drilling rigs are specially used for drilling raise holes and chutes. Generally, there is no need to enter the raise hole. The pilot hole is drilled with a roller bit first, and the hole reamer composed of a disc hob is used to ream the hole upward.
②The shaft drilling rig is specially used to drill a well at one time, and consists of a drilling tool system, a rotary device, a derrick, a drilling tool lifting system and a mud circulation system.
③Drilling machine, it is a comprehensive mechanized equipment that combines mechanical rock breaking and slag discharge and continuous excavation. It is mainly used for coal roads, engineering tunnels in soft mines and middle leveling of ore rocks with medium hardness and above. Tunneling.

6. Coal mining machinery
Coal mining operations have developed from semi-mechanization in the 1950s to comprehensive mechanization in the 1980s. Comprehensive mechanized coal mining is widely used in shallow-cutting double (single) drum combined coal miners (or plows), flexible scraper conveyors, hydraulic self-moving supports and other equipment to make the coal mining face crush and load Comprehensive mechanization of coal, transportation, support and other links will be realized. The double drum shearer is a coal falling machine. The electric motor transmits the power to the spiral drum to drop coal through the cutting part reducer, and the movement of the machine is realized by the electric motor through the traction part transmission device. There are basically two traction methods, namely anchor chain traction and non-anchor chain traction. Anchor chain traction is achieved by meshing the sprocket of the traction part with the anchor chain fixed on the conveyor.

7. Oil drilling
Onshore oil drilling machinery. According to the mining process, it is divided into drilling machinery, oil extraction machinery, workover machinery, and fracturing and acidizing machinery for maintaining high production of oil wells. Drilling machinery A complete set of mechanical equipment for drilling or drilling production wells for the development of oil or natural gas. Oil drilling rigs, including derricks, drawworks, power machines, mud circulation systems, tackle system, turntables, wellhead installations and electrical control systems. The derrick is used to install cranes, traveling blocks, hooks, etc., to lift other heavy objects up and down the drill floor, and to suspend the drilling tools in the well for drilling.

8. Mineral processing machinery
Beneficiation is the process of selecting useful minerals from the collected mineral raw materials according to the differences in physical, physical and chemical properties of various minerals. The implementation of this process is called beneficiation machinery. The beneficiation machinery is divided into crushing, grinding, screening, sorting (sorting) and dewatering machinery according to the beneficiation process. Commonly used crushing machinery are jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, cone crushers, roller crushers and impact crushers. The most widely used in grinding machinery is the barrel mill, including rod mills, ball mills, gravel mills and superfine laminated self-mills. Inertial vibrating screens and resonance screens are commonly used in screening machinery. Hydraulic classifiers and mechanical classifiers are widely used classification machines in wet classification operations. The commonly used separation flotation machinery is a full-section airlift microbubble flotation machine, and the more famous dehydration machinery is the multi-frequency dehydration screen tailings dry discharge system. The more famous crushing and grinding system is the superfine laminated self-mill.

9. Drying machinery
The slime special dryer is a new type of special drying equipment developed on the basis of the drum dryer, which can be widely used in:
1. Drying of coal industry slime, raw coal, flotation clean coal, mixed clean coal and other materials;
2. Drying of blast furnace slag, clay, bentonite, limestone, sand, quartz stone and other materials in the construction industry;
3. Drying of various metal concentrates, waste residues, tailings and other materials in the beneficiation industry;
4. Drying of non-heat sensitive materials in the chemical industry.