2021 year-on-year, international copper research organisation (ICSG) reported on September 23 that world refined copper output from January to June was up 3.2% year-on-year, the output of electrolytic copper (including electrolysis and electrowinning) is 3.5% higher than that of the same year, and the output of regenerated copper produced from waste copper is 1.7% higher than that of the same year. China’s refined copper production rose 6 per cent in the january-june period from a year earlier, according to preliminary official figures. Chile’s refined copper output was 7% lower than the same period last year, with electrolytic refining copper up 0.5% , but electrorefining copper down 11% . In Africa, the production of refined copper in the Democratic Republic of the Congo increased by 13.5 per cent year-on-year as new copper mines opened or hydrometallurgical plants expanded. Production of refined copper in Zambia increased by 12 per cent as smelters recovered from production shutdowns and operational problems in 2019 and early 2020. US refined copper production rose 14 per cent year-on-year as smelters recovered from operational problems in 2020. Preliminary data showed production declines in Brazil, Germany, Japan, Russia, Spain (SX-EW) and Sweden for a variety of reasons, including shutdowns for maintenance, operational problems and the closure of SX-EW plants.